Media production Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media production - Essay Example On the other hand, in the process of presentation of radio news, some radio stations have some scripts of the communication that happened in the course of the coverage in the scene of the event while others present news in a properly elaborated manner without scripts. This makes the difference between the various radio stations because they show these diverse styles of presenting information to the people so that the audience can understand the events (Gunter, 2012, p.7). Some of the radio broadcasting stations that provide news about events that happen in the world in different ways include the BBC, Classic FM UK and the Real Radio Scotland. The three radio stations have various styles of presenting news to the people in order to reach to the people who receive their news from different physical areas as well as who represents cultural diversities. BBC radio, Classic FM and Real Radio Scotland have a common way of presenting their news to their audience in that they focus have a spe cific language they use in the presentation. The languages through which these radio stations communicate to the audience depend on the people that they target so that they can ensure that they are able to understand the news the present to them. For example, BBC radio uses British English because it was first established in the England and it focused on the people within the country and even when it expanded to other countries, it continued the use of the language. Classic FM radio broadcasts its news in British English considering the fact that it serves a section of the citizens of UK living in North West of England. This means that the people are able to understand the language of the communication through which presenters broadcast news to them and this is a similar case for Real Radio Scotland that uses English language to communicate to the public. This means the three radio stations i.e. BBC, Classic FM and Real Radio Scotland use English in the their presentation of news to their target audience in different parts of the world (Hohn, 2007, p.37). In presentation of the news, these radio stations have both time for giving headlines and some other time allocated where they report the events in details. This means that these radio stations allocate time when they present news in short and another time when the information is given in more details and this is done according to the programmes of these radio stations. Through this style of presentations of news, the audience remain updated on the events that occur in various parts of the world and the details of the events are offered in specific news bulletins hours. These radio stations therefore, have different sessions for long and short news bulletins in different times of the day to ensure they communicate to the audience on as much events as possible of what happens around them (Chantler and Stewart, 2009, p.75). Because of the different times of presentations, the companies present information as sh ort packages so as to reduce the length of time to present the information to the audience. For example, the BBC, Classic FM and Real Radio present news in short packages at different times in the course of the day with some at the beginning of the hour and others at the half hour mark or other designated times in the cour

My Learning Styles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Learning Styles - Assignment Example I brought a paper, pen and my laptop as tools of learning. This results from the fact that I learn in different ways and could simply come to class to listen. In line with argument, it is vital that the teacher note that students learn differently, and it is their responsibility to accommodate all types of learning styles (Green, 2014). Technology can really assist with the concept of mixed learning styles. My learning style is visual learning, as I scored 60% of the total results. I was indeed not surprised about the results and I do not think that I only use the visual learning style exclusively as the auditory and tactile styles take up 10% and 30% respectively (Lecture notes, 2015). From the results, I realized that I learn through reading and seeing pictures and I mostly recall lots of things through my pictorial memory. At most times I learn through picturing the contents in my head. Simply put, my method of learning is primarily visual and I always prefer seeing what I learn. Interestingly, being a visual learner, I am very clean and neat. In the course of learning often close my eyes to recall various aspects, and in cases when I learn without watching a visual item, I get very bored and will barely follow spoken directions, instead get distracted by sounds. Colors easily attract my attention as opposed to stories that absolutely lack imagery. So as to improve my ability to learn as a visual learner, it is recommended that I sit in front of the classroom, have regular eye checkups, use of flashcards to learn new vocabulary, code things using color as well as avoid distraction during learning. Additionally, attempts to visualize things that I hear or things that are read to me, writing down main words, ideas, or instructions and drawing pictures that help expound on new concepts and then explain the pictures may prove useful to my learning (Lecture notes, 2015). Lastly, I learn how to remember that I need to see things and not

Business Statistics Homework Speech or Presentation

Business Statistics Homework - Speech or Presentation Example What proportion of brook trout caught will be between 12 and 18 inches in length? 8. The discrete random variable X is the number of students that show up for Professor Smiths office hours on Monday afternoons. The table below shows the probability distribution for X. What is the expected value E(X) for this distribution? 10. The time required for a citizen to complete the 2000 U.S. Census "long" form is normally distributed with a mean of 40 minutes and a standard deviation of 10 minutes. The slowest 10% of the citizens would need at least how many minutes to complete the form? 11. On average, a major earthquake (Richter scale 6.0 or above) occurs 3 times a decade in a certain California county. What is the probability that less than six months will pass before the next earthquake? 17. On a Sunday in April, dog bite victims arrive at Carver Memorial Hospital at a historical rate of 0.6 victims per day. On a given Sunday in April, what is the probability that exactly two dog bite victims will arrive? 19. If the mean time between unscheduled maintenance of LCD displays in a hospitals CT scan facility is 4,000 operating hours, what is the probability of unscheduled maintenance in the next 5,000 hours? 21. In Melanies Styling Salon, the time to complete a simple haircut is normally distributed with a mean of 25 minutes and a standard deviation of 4 minutes. What percent of customers require less than 32 minutes for a simple haircut? 22. A large number of applicants for admission to graduate study in business are given an aptitude test. Scores are normally distributed with a mean of 460 and standard deviation of 80. What fraction of applicants would you expect to have scores of 600 or above? 23. On average, a major earthquake (Richter scale 6.0 or above) occurs 3 times a decade in a certain California county. Find the probability that at least one major earthquake will occur within

My Learning Styles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Learning Styles - Assignment Example I brought a paper, pen and my laptop as tools of learning. This results from the fact that I learn in different ways and could simply come to class to listen. In line with argument, it is vital that the teacher note that students learn differently, and it is their responsibility to accommodate all types of learning styles (Green, 2014). Technology can really assist with the concept of mixed learning styles. My learning style is visual learning, as I scored 60% of the total results. I was indeed not surprised about the results and I do not think that I only use the visual learning style exclusively as the auditory and tactile styles take up 10% and 30% respectively (Lecture notes, 2015). From the results, I realized that I learn through reading and seeing pictures and I mostly recall lots of things through my pictorial memory. At most times I learn through picturing the contents in my head. Simply put, my method of learning is primarily visual and I always prefer seeing what I learn. Interestingly, being a visual learner, I am very clean and neat. In the course of learning often close my eyes to recall various aspects, and in cases when I learn without watching a visual item, I get very bored and will barely follow spoken directions, instead get distracted by sounds. Colors easily attract my attention as opposed to stories that absolutely lack imagery. So as to improve my ability to learn as a visual learner, it is recommended that I sit in front of the classroom, have regular eye checkups, use of flashcards to learn new vocabulary, code things using color as well as avoid distraction during learning. Additionally, attempts to visualize things that I hear or things that are read to me, writing down main words, ideas, or instructions and drawing pictures that help expound on new concepts and then explain the pictures may prove useful to my learning (Lecture notes, 2015). Lastly, I learn how to remember that I need to see things and not

How to Write an Article Review Essay Example for Free

How to Write an Article Review Essay Writing an article review, which is also sometimes referred to as an article critique, is a special type of writing that involves reading an article and then providing the reader with your personal take on its content. In general, article review essays should start with a heading that includes a citation of the sources that are being reviewed. The first paragraph, which is the introduction to the article review, should provide a summary of the article highlights. This summary should not provide every last detail about the article being reviewed. Rather, it should only discuss the most important details. If you find yourself carrying on or needing more than one paragraph to write your summary, you need to revisit the paragraph and find ways to trim down the length of your summary. Following the brief summary of your article, you will then need to explain why the article is significant. Questions you should ask yourself when writing these paragraphs include: Does the article fill a void within the literature that already exists on the topic? Does the article contain any information that would be considered â€Å"breakthrough† information? Will the information contained within this article cause other people in the field to change their ideas about the subject matter or does it simply revisit information that is already known in the field? In your final paragraphs, you will need to present your personal evaluation of the article. Some questions you should ask yourself in order to come up with your personal evaluation include whether or not the article is well written and clear. You should also consider whether or not any information was missing and if more research is needed on the topic. If you are writing the article review for a class, try to connect the article to organizational and industrial experience and try to connect the content of the article to information that you have been studying in your course. As you write your article review, keep in mind that you are doing more than just a book report. Rather than focus on telling what the article was about, your article review should reflect your personal opinions on the article as well as how it affects you or the field in which it was written. After you have finished writing your article review, be sure to go back and re-read it. This way, you will be able to look at it with a fresh set of eyes and you may notice errors that you had not previously noticed. Outline of the Article Review Please include the following categories in your article review. Full Bibliographic Reference Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Very Brief Summary Results Contributions Foundation Synthesis with other materials Analysis Additional Analysis General Critique) Further Critique of a Conceptual Article -or- Further Critique of an Empirical Article Issues (in your opinion). Questions Annotated Bibliography Citation Analysis Appendix 1. Full Bibliographic Reference State the full bibliographic reference for the article you are reviewing (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) Important: this is not the bibliography listed at the end of the article, rather the citation of the article itself! 2. Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Paragraph 1: State the objectives (goals or purpose) of the article. What is the articles domain (topic area)? Paragraph 2: State whether the article is conceptual or empirical, and why you believe it is conceptual or empirical. Empirical articles and conceptual articles have a similar objective: to substantiate an argument proposed by the author. While a conceptual article supports such an argument based on logical and persuasive reasoning, an empirical article offers empirical evidence to support the argument. Empirical articles offer substantial, detailed evidence which the authors analyze using statistical methods. Empirical articles must include hypotheses (or propositions), detailed research results, and (statistical) analyses of this empirical evidence. Empirical research includes experiments, surveys, questionnaires, field studies, etc, and to limited degree, case studies. Conceptual articles may refer to such empirical evidence, but do not provide the detailed analysis of that evidence. 3. Brief Summary For an article review, do not spend much space summarizing the article. Instead focus on analysis of the article. Thus, in this section, summarize the article only very briefly. Paragraph 1: what is the problem or opportunity being addressed Paragraph 2: which solution is proposed (the solution could be a new model or a theory that explains the problem) Paragraph 3: what evidence is put forth that this solution is appropriate (If this is an empirical article, be sure to briefly describe what kind of empirical study was done as part of the evidence) 4. Results Very briefly summarize the important points (observations, conclusions, findings) in the article. Please do not repeat lists of items in the articles just summarize the essence of these if you feel they are necessary to include. 5. Contributions. An article makes a contribution by adding to the knowledge of researchers in a research field. An article can make a contribution to the research field in many ways. Does it provide a new way to look at a problem? Does it bring together or synthesize several concepts (or frameworks, models, etc. ) together in an insightful way that has not been done before? Does it provide new solutions? Does it provide new results? Does it identify new issues? Does it provide a comprehensive survey or review of a domain? Does it provide new insights? Also, is it salient (relevant and current) to a particular scientific issue or managerial problem? Are the issues addressed introduced in a way that their relevance to practice is evident? Would answers to the questions raised in the article likely to be useful to researchers and managers? Note: Do not discuss the contributions of the technologies the article describes, but rather the contributions of the article itself! The articles contributions should be original. Describe each contribution clearly in a separate paragraph or bullet point. Discuss why the contribution is important. Alternatively, if you believe the article makes no contributions, explain why clearly. 6. Foundation. Good research often is built upon theories and frameworks that other researchers have developed. Sometimes articles will be substantially based upon this prior work, and refer back to it in some detail. (Not all research articles will do this. ) Which theoretical foundations does this article and research build on, if any? In what ways? Include references/citations of the foundation work. (You can determine this in part from the works the article cites. )Note, however, that most works cited are not core foundational work, but rather just support certain aspects of the article. Similarly, do not confuse a general discussion of related topics as foundational work. If the article does not build upon key pieces of prior research, then write in your review This article does not build upon any foundation research. (If you do not state this explicitly, you will not receive credit for this section. ) 7. Synthesis with Class Materials Synthesis means analyzing a particular topic by comparing and contrasting it with, and thinking about it from the viewpoint of, the class materials from across the semester. These materials include the articles, models, frameworks, guidelines and other concepts weve covered. (Of course, only certain materials will be relevant for any given article. )Note: You have to do this synthesis! You need to relate this article to other things we have studied, so by definition you will not find this analysis in the article itself! You also could analyze the approach the author took to the articles analysis and discussion. Discuss the articles approach and results in terms of one or more of the frameworks, etc. , from the text or readings, or any you find elsewhere. As part of this analysis, reference other articles youve read, when appropriate. Compare the approach, results and contribution with all articles about similar topics or with a similar approach. For all of these, do your synthesis comparison in as much depth as you can! 8. Analysis Note: Many people assume this category is the same as General Critique. It is not. General Critique is a different category from this, and follows below. What has changed since the article was written? How do its lessons, ideas and theories still apply? To what extent has its issues been resolved? Additional Analysis Optionally, try applying the articles models, frameworks and guidelines, etc. yourself. Do you find them useful? In addition, you may optionally add your own additional analysis in a separate subsection. (Do not repeat the authors analysis in the paper you could summarize this as part of the results section. ) 9. General Critique In this section you should state your opinions of how well (or poorly) the authors did their research and presented the research results in the article. Your critique can contain both positive and negative comments. Justify and explain in detail each of your critique points in a separate paragraph of at least 4-5 sentences. The following are suggestions only: Does it build upon the appropriate foundation (i. e. , upon appropriate prior research)? Did the authors choose the correct approach, and then execute it properly? How confident are you in the articles results, and why? Are its ideas really new, or do the authors simply repackage old ideas and perhaps give them a new name? Do the authors discuss everything they promise in the articles introduction and outline? What are the articles shortcomings (faults) and limitations (boundaries)? Did it discuss all of the important aspects and issues in its domain (topic area)? In what way should the article have made a contribution, but then did not? Do the authors make appropriate comparisons to similar events, cases or occurrences? How complete and thorough a job did the authors do? Do the authors include an adequate discussion, analysis and conclusions? Did they justify everything adequately? Did they provide enough background information for the intended audience to understand it? For you to understand it? Were there adequate and appropriate examples and illustrations? Ask yourself these questions when justifying your critique points: why/why not? how? what distinguishes the differences/different approaches, and in what ways? 9. 1. Further Critique of a Conceptual Article (only for conceptual articles) A critique of a conceptual article examines the logic of the arguments made by the authors. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. Give examples whenever possible. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY: Do any parts of the article or research contradict or invalidate other parts? If so, have the authors acknowledged and explained this adequately? 2. COHERENCE: Does the article make sense? Did the authors approach this article (and this research) sensibly? Does the article develop an argument that follows a coherent line of reasoning? Are the boundaries of the argument reasonably well defined? Does the argument anticipate most, if not all, rival arguments? Does the article flow in a logical sequence? Do later parts build logically upon earlier parts? 3. SUBSTANCE: Does the article provide an argument or a line of reasoning that offers insight into important issues, or does it merely summarize previous studies in a shallow way that does not reflect depth of analysis? Does the article provide ways (a model, framework, guidelines, etc. ) to guide future thinking about the issue(s) the author is addressing? 4. FOCUS: Is there a clear audience that the authors address? Was the article written at the appropriate level for this audience? 9. 2. Further Critique of an Empirical Article (only for empirical articles) A critique of an empirical article examines the strength of the empirical evidence supporting the authors argument. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. CLARITY: Is the articles purpose and argument clear? Do the researchers clearly develop a major research question, proposition, or hypothesis that is to be evaluated in the empirical study and discussed in this article? If the study is exploratory (preliminary), is sufficient justification for an exploratory strategy given? 2. THEORETICAL GROUNDING: Is the researchers argument grounded in more basic theory? Is it clear whether the structure of the empirical study (i. e., what they do) was derived from theory, or just made up? In theory-building articles, is the need for new theory adequately established? 3. DESIGN OF RESEARCH INVESTIGATION: Is it clear exactly how the empirical study was carried out? Is the design of the research approach (field study, experiments, questionnaires, etc. both contents and how they will be used) adequate to address the common threats to internal and external validity? Have appropriate controls been established, and is the selection of research sites justified? Are the hypotheses and experiments, etc., significant? 4. MEASUREMENT: Empirical studies can have quantitative measurements (i. e. , numeric results) and qualitative or subjective measurements. Are the measures used adequately described (i. e. , what is measured in the study and how)? Are data on the reliability and validity of these measures reported? Does the article feel anecdotal or solidly supported with evidence? For example, in case or field studies, are the results well documented? Is it clear who the subjects were, and with whom interviews were carried out? Were important results cross-checked, i. e., determined across a range of subjects or just gotten from one or two subjects? 5. ANALYSIS: Is the analysis of empirical data conducted properly? Do the data conform to the requirements of any statistical tests used? Are qualitative data adequately described and presented? 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In discussing the results of the empirical study, do the authors remain true to the actual findings of the study? Are the claims made in the conclusion of the article actually supported by the empirical data? If the study is exploratory, do the authors offer research questions or hypotheses for future research? 7. BIASES: Do the biases of the authors affect the design of the research or the interpretation of the results? Are the authors aware of potential biases and the affect on the study? 10. Issues (listed by the author) What open questions or issues has the author stated remain unresolved? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issues paragraph should take the following format: what is the issue? why do you believe this is an important issue? in what way is it unresolved suggestions for resolving it if you give your own suggestions (instead of or in addition to the authors, then precede each with I would propose If it has been resolved since the article was written, then state how it was resolved. 11. Issues (in your opinion) List several open questions or issues which remain unresolved in your opinion? For example, what possible future research questions could arise from this article? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issues paragraph should take the following format: what is the issue? why do you believe this is an important issue? in what way is it unresolved suggestions for resolving it 12. Questions List three insightful questions of your own, arising from this article. Do not ask definitions, but rather questions that really make one think. 13. Annotated Bibliography For every item you have cited in your report, you need a full reference and an annotation explaining it. List the full bibliographic references (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) for anything you have cited in your review. IMPORTANT: This is NOT the bibliography listed at the end of the article. It is the bibliographic references for any readings you yourself referred to inside your review. Write 2-4 sentences describing the article. Write 2-3 sentences describing why you cited it. 14. Citation Analysis Appendix If the article has no citations then write in that section I found no citations in the [Science Citation Index or the Social Sciences Citation Index or on the Internet]. Note, if your article has more than 20 citations, you only need to include a selection of them: State how many citations each index has and the Web search found List 1-2 citations for each year in which the article has been cited. Try to include citations from several different journals spread over your selection ? Include a citation analysis to see who has cited it and how.

Formal And Informal Communication

Formal And Informal Communication In this report I have tried to enlighten the different aspects of communication in order to communicate effectively as a manager and different types of communication barriers which will distort the message delivery process and three recommendations for managers how to improve their communication skills. Hope this will complete the subject. INTRODUCTION The process of communication falls under three categories which are verbal communication, non verbal communication and written communication. Communication must include both transfer and understanding. Communication cannot exist without a sender and a receiver. Poor communication is probably the most frequently cited source of interpersonal conflict. According to Stephen and Mary (2009, p.329), managers are concern with two types of communication, which are interpersonal communication and organisational communication. Interpersonal communication is communicating with two or more people. And the organisational communication is all the patterns, networks, and system of communication within an organisation, which are important to mangers (Stepehen Mary, 2009, p.331). Four major functions of communication are control, motivate, emotional expression and information. The hierarchies form in the organisations is a control mechanism of communication in the organisations. In this they have created different levels of jobs and the communication is communicated by their immediate supervisor or boss. Communication motivates the employ by giving a feedback of his work how well he have done and in which area he needs to improve. The communication which takes place within the work place with the colleagues is a mechanism by which the members show their frustration and feeling of satisfaction. Therefore communication provides an emotional expression of feelings. The information provided by communication helps to make a decision by the receiver after evaluating the information provided through the communication. ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION process of human com.jpg Exhibit Process of Human communication Source: http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5431820_process-human-communication.html [Accessed 30 August 2012]. Exhibit 1 which explains the communication process is made up of seven parts. It is 1.Sender sends a message 2.encode its and send it through a 3.channel and the 4 receiver decodes and 5.receive message 6.sends a feedback to the sender this chain concludes when the sender 7.receives the feedback message. Sender and Receiver The sender is the individual who initiates the conversation. The sender must communicate the message in a way that the receiver will understand. To do this the sender must encode the message. The way a message is encoded depends on the way the sender and receiver typically communicate and the relationship between the two individuals. The process of encoding is simply taking the thoughts in your head and putting them into words. However the words you use will change depending on who you are talking to. When talking to a customer, your language will be softer and different than when talking to your staffs. If a message is not properly encoded, it is unlikely that the message will be understood (Stephen, 1998, p.313). The Channel The channel aspect of the human communication process is the method through which the communication takes place. When humans communicate with one another they must select a channel to do so. Common channels include face-to-face meetings, letters, email, memos, reports, and telephone conversation (Frances, 1995, p.282). The channel selected helps shape the communication that will take place (James Amy, n.d.). Different channels have different strength. Noise Noise is one of the negative aspects of human communication and is characterized as the interference that occurs when verbally communicating. Noise can be internal, such as the sender or receiver was getting distracted, or external such as others talking making it difficult to hear the sender. Verbal Communication Verbal communication is communication that is spoken. However verbal communication can be extremely complicated. Verbal communication includes the tone and pitch of a persons voice, the words she chooses, her rate of speech and the volume she speaks at (Burtness Hulbert, 1985, p.319). Changing one of these characteristics can drastically change the way her messages are received. For example, if you are angry and want the person you are talking with to know you are angry, you are likely to raise your voice and maybe even use choice words. Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is another aspect of human communication that we often forget about. Nonverbal communication includes the way we gesture, our posture, what we wear, our facial expressions and even how we sit. Nonverbal communication can be either complimentary or contradictory. Complimentary nonverbal messages strengthen what we are saying with our words, such as frowning when you are telling someone you are sad. Contradictory nonverbal messages weaken what we are saying with our words, such as having a disgusted facial expression while saying that the food is yummy. Formal and Informal Communication Formal communication is vertical and follows the authority chain and is limited. Informal communication known as the grapevine is free to move in any direction. This communication can be take place from vertical to horizontal, upwards and downwards and also can skip the authority levels. The grapevine communication is very effective and fast. This passes the massage within few time periods. Through this method managers can identify issues that employ consider important. Communication Network There are different patterns of network of communication. The structure itself influences the speed and accuracy of the message and performance and motivation of the participants. Chain: This gives a flow of information to the end of the chain. Circle: Here each person can communicate on both sides of him. Star: This is more decentralise and allows a free flow of information among all group members. Wheel: Information flows from one person to all. Y-Pattern: Two persons are close to the centre of the network Com Network.jpg Exhibit Organisation Communication Network Source: http://www.kkhsou.in/main/EVidya2/Professional%20English/communication.html [Accessed 30 August 2012] FIVE TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BARRIERS Filtering This is manipulating the message in an easy way that the receiver can listen or omitting some part of the message which may cause trouble. Language This is one of the common barriers of the world. There are countries which do not use an international language like English or any other common language and they use to stick on their local language. But in a globalizing world there must be a common language which could be use to communicate all. Words mean differently to different people. Age, education and cultural background influence a language the person uses and definition he or she uses (Stepehen Mary, 2009, p.337). Physical Barrier Physical barriers are physical objects which obstructs the receiver to clearly receive the message. For example a wall or distance from the sender (Christopher, 2010). Ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s is easy to overcome this barrier and in modern work place the physical barriers are avoided. Information Overload Overload of information is also a common barrier. We human beings can cater up to certain amount of information and if the capacity limit is exceeded we may do misinterpret the things which are communicated. Cross Cultural Communication ok-gesture.jpg Exhibit The A-Ok gesture Source: http://hidden-avenue.blogspot.com/ [Accessed 30 August 2012]. As a cross cultural barrier in different parts of the world people interpret gestures and signs differently. As seen in exhibit 3 for some culture they have a meaning which can be communicated in the community and in other cultures ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s abusing one another (Stephen, 1998, p.332). These factors create communication problem. So we must be careful when we communicate in an unknown cultural environment. THREE WAYS HOW MANAGERS CAN IMMPROVE THEIR COMMUNICATION SKILLS Avoid Information Overload The managers should be trained how to prioritise their work. They should not burden themselves with work and they should spend excellence moment with their subordinates and should listen to their problems and feedback activity. Be a good delegator and have a workload balance for the day. Plane your day and make a task list. Try to achieve your listed tasks for the day. Give Constructive Feedback Always try to avoid giving negative feedback. The content of the feedback might be negative, but it should be delivered constructively. Constructive feedback will lead effective communication and build a good relation between the superior and the subordinate. To give a feedback ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s better to give face to face or if not reachable by phone (Kitty, 1998, p.4). These feedbacks are informal and try to give it regularly and timely as soon as possible. Listening Actively A manager must be a good listener. When someone talks we hear. But most of us donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t listen. Listening is an active search for meaning whereas hearing is the passive. Active listening is enhancing developing empathy and putting yourself into senders position. These types of scenarios occur to managers daily. So be empathetic and an active listener to improve your communication skills (Victoria Holly, 2005).

Writers of the 1920s Essay -- Authors

Writers of the 1920's The 1920's had many influential writers in literature. While reaching this time period it is almost certain that the names William Faulkner, Earnest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald will be found. Each of the writers has their own personal style of writing and each one of the lives has influenced what they write about to even the way they each portray their literature. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born into a financially stable family from New Albany, Mississippi. Faulkner dropped out of high school to work in his grandfathers store. While at the store Faulkner found out he enjoyed writing. Faulkner enrolled at U of Mississippi to pursue his his passion of writing. ("William Faulkner",Discovering Authors) Another author of great influence was Earnest Hemingway. Hemingway was a genius. He had a way of making his novels talk to his readers. Hemingway had a very well to do childhood, but as he grew older he resented his parents. Hemingway's first writing job was for the Toronto Daily Star. (Nelson32) At the star he did a lot of police and hospital beat ...